Accounting machine



June 14,1938. J. w. BRYCE 2 ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 1, 1933 16 Sheets-Sheet 1 MC M ATTORNEYS June 14, 1938.

J. W. BRYCE ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 1, 1933 16 Sheets-Sheet 2 Zi g W rm ATTORNEY-5 June 14, 1938.

J. w. BRYCE ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 1, 1933 16 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTO W T 'ATTORNEY'S June 1 4, 1938.

J. W. BRYCE ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 1, 1933 16 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTO W 21am M ATTORNEY6 June 14, 1938; .1. w. BRYCE 2,120,228

ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 1, 1953 16 Sheets-Sheet 6 07% ALWT MM ATTORNEYd June 14, 1938. I J, w, BRYCE 2,120,228

ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 1, 1933 16 Sheets-Sheet 7 ATTORNEYS Filed Feb. 1, 1933 16 Sheets-Sheet 8 0 oko 0, GA 21 AW IATTOZNEYS June 14, 1938. J. w, BRYCE 2,120,228

ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 1, 1935 l6 Sheets-Sheet 9 ym a, BY

June 14, 1938. J. w. BRYCE ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 1, 1933 16 Sheets-Sheet l0 mu ku mu 8M AW M W 533 NmGuJ E t gm, 44,. BY AA} 7 ATTBRNEY June 14, 1938. J. w. BRYCE ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 1, 1933 16 Sheets-Sheet 11 QNAS RAN WNW h-Nnvourun (L v T 161 41 444 ATTORNEYS comfu/u J. W. BRYCE June 14, 1938.

ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 1,

1935 16 Sheets-Sheet l2 INVENTO 0, a? BY AN Y W! i ATTORNEYS June 14, 1938. .1. w. BRYCE ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 1, 1955 1e Sheets-Sheet 13 l Mu g ru June 14, 1938. J. w. BRYCE ACCOUNTING MACHINE Filed Feb. 1, 1933 16 Sheets-Sheet l4 Hbkhm mEE ATTORNEYS Patented June 14, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE mesne assignments, to International Business Machines Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application February 1, 1933, Serial No. 654,619

44 Claims. (of. ass-01.8)

This invention relates to improvements in accounting and calculating machines and more particularly relates to a machine adapted to perform a quite complex set of computations which involve s the evaluating and mergingof the terms of a polynomial expression and in which the rule of signs must be applied in the merging operations.

In certain cases the signs of mergedterms must be reversed and in other cases the merging must be, effected with unchanged signs; of the terms. Some of the more complex calculations also in volve multiplication of entered terms.

More particularly the machine is of the general class wherein certain data relating to a com- 15 putation is taken from a record, with the alternate possibility of taking certain other data involved in the computation from set up mechanism in the machine and carrying out the requisite computation andrecording intermediate and final results upon the record from which certain primary data-was derived.

Before describing the further objects of the invention a briel' explanation will be {made of an illustrative use of the machine.

There are often commercial transactions made where there is a loan of a given amount for a given period of time with payments to be made on the loan at stated intervals. For instance, there might be a $400. loan to be paid back over a, year period in tour equal quarterly-installments. In handling such loans the practice is to charge up to the borrower the interest for the entire period on the'assumption that the payments will be made on their due dates. For example, with the $400. loan at four percent (4%) in quarterly payments the interest would be $8.00 and the borrower would get $392. in cash at the time of making the loan. If each payment by the borrower is made on the actual due date there is no ad- Justment of interest required. However, if the borrower pays back any installment payment on a date ahead 01 the due date heis credited with a computed amount of interest which is based on how far in advance of the due date he pays such installment. Similarly, if the borrower fails to pay on the due date but pays on a later date, he is debited with an extra interest charge. The

crediting or debiting of additional interest in transactions of this sort isbased .on a so-called so interest factor, which interest factor is computed according to the rate of interest and the number of days involved, either advanced or belated dates. For example, there would be one interest factor if the payment was made ten days ahead II and a diflerent interest factor if the'payment was still due on the loan after the payment.

the present machine is arranged tohandle c'omputations of the general form made nine days ahead and so on. Such transactions generally involve a computation of the general i'orm which-may be expressed as the following equation i wherein A equals the amount of the loan H equals the amount of a given payment 1 C equals the interest factor which is set up with reference to the date when the payment was actually made R. equals the new balance or the amount If payment is made ahead of the due date, Bx is added to B,ii' belated, it is subtracted. On such transactions it is desired not only to obtain the dual result R and to record such final result, but to also compute, obtain and record certain intermediate results. For example, the result of 8x0 should be computed and recorded since this represents the interest to be debited or credited to the account. I

0 should also be recorded if this interest i'actor'is set up in the machine and not already on a card.

The result within the bracket, 1. e. B:(BXC') should also be recorded to show the actual amount debited or credited to the'account.

' Other. commercial transactions may involve computations of the general form wherein the computed amount within the bracket would have to be added to instead of being subtracted from the original amount A. Accordingly,

airsiw'xcnes terms and also includes a polynomial term; i. e.

A, B and C are in themselves monomials. Likewise the product BxC is a monomial, but the expression in brackets [B:(B C-)] is apolys nomial term. The complete expression A: (a: (axe) is also a polynomial. In evaluating and merging a polynomial term with another amount the sign preceding the 66 bracketed polynomial term must be taken into account. If negative it affects and reverses the signs of the monomial terms within the bracket -when the bracket is removed and when such terms are merged with another amount. If the sign before the polynomial term is positive there is no change involved in the signs of monomial terms within the bracket when such bracket is removed and when such monomial terms are merged with another amount or term. This will be clear from the following equations:

Likewise in evaluating the bracketed polynomial term by itself, the sign preceding the bracket is wholly disregarded and is of no significance because the amount within the bracket is a distinct problem of itself, that is if b+c or bc is considered by itself and evaluated no change of sign is involved because there is no merging with any other term.

In the illustrative equations in evaluation for the final result a change of signs is involved thus A-B+(B C')=R, but in solvingand evaluating for the intermediate result of the polynomial term within the brackets no change of sign is involved since the intermediate result by itself is simply B-(BXC).

Likewise in the equation A+[B-(B C)]=R, no change of signs is involved in evaluating for the complete result which is A+B(B C) and the intermediate result is the same as before, viz.

B(B C).

Accordingly, the present invention has for its general object the provision of an accounting machine adapted to compute and completely evaluate a polynomial expression one of whose terms is in itself a polynomial and in such machine provision is made for automatically applying the rule of signs when required in the complete evaluation. Provision is also made for separately evaluating the polynomial term itself while retaining the signs of the monomials of such polynomial term in such separate evaluation.

Broadly, one object of the present invention resides in the provision of an accounting machine for evaluating polynomial expressions where there may or may not be requirements for change in sign, such as in equations or the general type A:(B:C').

A further object of the present invention resides in the provision of an accounting or calculating machine adapted for computing and evaluating computations of the general form AiiB: (BXC') A further object of the present invention resides in the provision of an accounting machine adapted for polynomial types of computations involving a polynomial term wherein provision is made for automatically eirecting changes in signs when required and/or for suppressing changes in signs when the polynomial term alone is evaluated.

A further object of the present invention resides in the provision of an accounting machine which is pre-settable for controlling machine operations according to the signs relating to certain terms of a computation.

A further object of the present invention resides in the provision of a machine provided with automatic sign identifying meansfor automatically controlling the machine operations and the merging of terms in accordance with such identified signs.

A further general object of the present invention resides in the provision of a machine adapted to rapidly and automatically compute a series of computations each of which is of the general form Ai-[B:(B C') ]=R.

A further object of the present invention resides in the provision of a machine in which not only will the final result R above set forth, be computed, but in which provision is made for separately computing intermediate results of the foregoing computation and wherein means is also provided for recording any, all or none of such desired intermediate results.

A further object of the present invention resides in the provision of a multiplying machine wherein the control of the machine for adding and subtracting in any computations involving multiplication is effected automatically under record card control or alternatively under manual control or alternatively part under record card control and part under manual control.

A further object of the present invention resides in the provision of an improved interlocking arrangement between a multiplying section of the machine and a punching section to insure that punching will not commence until both the punching section and the multiplying section of the machine are in condition for the beginning of such punching operations.

Further and other objects of the present invention will be hereinafter set forth in the accompanying specification and claims and shown in the drawings which show by way of illustration a. preferred embodiment and the principle thereof and what I now consider to be the best mode in which I have contemplated of applying that principle. Other embodiments of the invention employing the same or equivalent principle may be used and structural changes made as desired by those skilled in the art without departing from the present invention and within the spirit of the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Figures 1 and 1a taken together, show a somewhat diagrammatic view of the various units of the machine and also show the driving mechanism for the various units;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken through the card handling and reading section of the machine and this view shows also the extra sensing brushes;

Figs. 3 and 3a taken together, show a somewhat diagrammatic view of the punching section of the machine;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of certain parts in the punching section of the machine;

Fig. 5 is another detail view of certain parts in the punch;

Fig. 6 is a somewhat diagrammatic view of the readout device for the MP counter. which readout device is of dual form;

Fig. '7 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the construction of this MPRO readout device;

Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively diagrammatic and sectional views of the multiplicand readout device (MCRO);

Figs. 10 and 11 are diagrammatic and sectional views of the readout device for the RH accumulator. A similar form of readout is used for the extra A accumulator and such readout device is identical in construction with the RHRO device except for the number of segment spots. The RHRO readout device has nine spots and the readout device for the extra counter, viz. the ARC readout device has ten spots;

Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic view of the double readout device which is used on the MP hand setup device. This readout device comprises an upper section which is similar to the RHRO readout anda lower section which is similar to the MPRO readout 4 Fig. 13 is a part elevational and part sectional view of the hand setup multiplier device with associated double readout device and Fig. 14 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the hand setup element of this fixed multiplier device;

Fig. 15 is a side elevational view of one of the multi-contact electromagnetic and electro-mechanical relay devices which are used in the machine;

Fig. 15a shows a modified contact arrangement for the multi-contact relay and Fig. 16 is a detail view showing certain latching mechanismswhich are used on the stop and start keys of the machine;

Figs. 17 and 17a respectively are diagrammatic and sectional views-of the LH readout which is of dual form;

Figs. 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, and 18e, taken together and arranged vertically in the order named, show the complete circuit diagramof the machine is arranged to feed cards and derive readings therefrom and afterwards pass each card into the punching section of the machine. The punch is of the successivecolumn punching type. A small portion of this punching mechanism only is shown in Fig. 1a and the rest of the mechanism accumulator.

is shown more completely in Figs. 3 and 3a.

The accumulators and/or receiving devices of the machine are as follows. In the upper part of the machine in Fig. 1a there is shown the RH The LH accumulator and an extra A accumulator are also in the upper part of the machine (see Fig. 1). These accumulators are respectively designated RH, LH and A. In the lower part of the machine there are two accumulators which are used as multiplier and multiplicand entry receiving devices and which are respectively designated MP and MC on Fig. 1. Also associated with the MP entry device is the hand setup multiplier device. This is designated MP-ionFig.1.

The machine also includes amultiplying relay unit which is in the lower part of the machine (Fig, 1a) and generally designated MFR. Also in-the lower part of the machine there is another multi-contact relay unit for column shifting and control purposes which is generally designated CS and CR (see Fig. 1a).

The machine also includes a number of emitter mechanisms, cam contact devices, impulse distributor, etc.

1 rolls 85.

tact roll 81.

Machine drive The machine is adapted to be driven-by a constantly running motor Z (Fig. 1a) which motor, through a belt and pulley and ratchet drive, drives a shaft 5|, which in turn drives an A. C.D. C. generator 52.

Shaft 51, through worm gearing. drive 53 drives a vertical shaft 54 for driving the units in the upper and lower sections of the machine. At its upper end shaft 54, through worm gears 5! drives themain drive shaft 56. The various accumulators are driven from this shaft in the customary manner. The reset drive for the upper accumulator units is provided as follows. Shaft 58 carries a spur gear 51, driving a gear .58 with a four to one drive ratio. Gear 58 has extending from it four Geneva pins 59 cooperating with the other or cross element of the Geneva. designated 00.

Secured to 80 is an internal gear 8| meshed withthe spur gear 62 mounted on the end of the reset shaft 63. The reset shaft- 63a for the RH accumulator is driven from the cross element of the Geneva, through an internal gear Ola and a pinion 62a. The accumulators are reset from this reset shaft in the customary manner by electromagnetically controlled one revolution clutches.

The drive for the units in the lower part of the machine is substantially the same as previously described, i. e. shaft 54, through worm gearing 55b, drives the lower drive shaft "b, which shaft also actuates parts in the MPR, CS and CR units. A similar Geneva drive 51b, 58b, 59b, 60b, Gib, and 62b is adapted to drive the lower reset shaft 63b. The accumulators in the lower section of the machine are reset from this reset shaft in the usual manner by means of electromagnetic one revolution clutches.

Card feed and card handling unit drive Referring to Figs. 1a and 2, the customary card feed drive is provided which may be briefly described as follows. Shaft 56 through gearing 68, 89, I0, TI and I2 drives a gear 13, revolubly mounted on shaft I5. Fixed to gear 13 is the element 16 of the card feed one revolution clutch, the complemental part of which comprises a pawl 11, carried by an arm 18 fixed to shaft 15. Gear 13 through a gear 19 fixed to gear 80 drives a train of gears M, which in turn drive the, card feed rolls 82. Also in train with gear 19 is a gear 83 for driving the drag roll shaft 84 carrying drag cylinder 81 is provided driven in the following manner. Fixed on shaft 15 is a gear 88, which, through gearing 88b, 88d, drives a gear 89 which is fixed to the sleeve 89a revolubly'mounted on shaft 15 and fixed to the card transfer and con- The intermittently actuated FC group of cam contact devices are driven in the following manner. from gear 86 which gear is fixed to'shaft l5 and which train includes gearing 80, 9i and 92, the latter gearing being fixed to the cam contact shaft 93. Fixed to the shaft of gear 90 are spring pressed card feed rolls 94. Other spring pressed The usual card transfer and contact,

A driving train is provided card feed rolls 9! are driven by the gear 96. The card picker is driven in the customary manner by,

into the-bite of rolls 82, which rolls in turn forward the card to the card transfer and contact roll 81. Intermediate rolls 82 and the transfer cylinder 87 there are provided two extra or advance sensing brushes at two separate sensing stations disposed one index point apart. One of these extra brushes is shown at I06 and its contact block is shown at I06a. The other extra or advance sensing brush is shown at I01 and such I01 brush cooperates with the combined contact and card guide plate I0'Ia. It will be understood that I06a and mm are insulated from each other and also that the brushes I06 and I01 are disposed one index point apart and are adapted to cooperate with the 11th and 12th index hole positions on the cards. A curved card guide is provided around the transfer and contact roll and the advancing card is carried around by the forward rotation of the roll and by the rotation of rolls 94 to traverse the card past the main sensing brushes designated I09 in Fig. 2. Also in cooperation with the card is a pivoted card lever III operating card lever contacts II2. After the card has been sensed by the main sensing brushes it is advanced by rolls and roll 81 between guiding members H4 and I I5, and while between these members it is advanced by the drag rolls 85. The drag rolls 85 deliver the card under the guiding member III and ultimately the card is flipped down into the tray of the punching section of the machine. The location of the tray is indicated at IIB in Fig. 2 and the position of a card in this tray is indicated in Fig. 1a. A card lever IIB (Fig. 2) is provided adjacent the tray for closing card levercontacts I20 when a card is in the tray of the punching section of the machine.

With the traverse of a card past the advance sensing brushes, the control of the machine will be effected variably according to the presence or absence of a hole or holes at the 11th and/or 12th index point positions. If the card contains no perforations at these positions the machine will perform the merging and evaluating operation of A-[B+(B C)l with a change of sign of the terms within the bracket when evaluating the complete expression and will effect merging with unchanged-signs when evaluating the expression within the bracket. On the other hand if the I06 brush encounters a hole at the 11th index point position and the I01 brush encounters no hole at the 12th index point position the evaluation will be that of A-[B-(B C) Here again there is a change of sign in evaluating the complete expression. On the other hand if the I01 brush encounters a hole at the 12th index point position and the I06 brush encounters no hole at the 11th index point position, the evaluation will be that of A+[B+(B C)]. In evaluating this expression no change or sign is involved or required for either the merging for the complete expression or for the polynomial term of the expression. Likewise if both brushes I06 and I01 encounter holes at both the 11th and 12th index point positions the computation and evaluation will be of the general form A+ [B(BXC')]. Here again no change of sign is involved in evaluating the complete expression or thepolynomial term of the expression. As will later be explained, settable manual switches can be used in lieu of the brush controls and in certain instances a switch can be used in conjunction with a brush control.

With the traverse of the card past the main sensing brush I09, the amount of the multiplier and the amount of the multiplicand will be read from the card and entered into the MP and MC receiving devices of the machine. Under certain types of computations, no multiplier amount is read from the card in which case the amount of the multiplier can be derived from the fixed MP-I setup device. While the multiplicand amount and possibly the multiplier amount is being read from the card the amount of the factor or term A of the computation will be read into the A accumulator. The MP and MC receiving devices, LH, RH and A accumulators are of the usual type as customarily used in tabulating machines and are provided with the usual electromagnetically operated clutches.

M ulti-contact relays The machine includes a number of electromagnetically controlled and tripped multi-contact relays. These are used in the MPR, CS and CR sections of the machine. The mechanical drive for these relays is provided for in the following manner. The lower drive shaft 561) drives operating cams 65' (see Figs. 1a and 15). Cooperating with each cam is a follower arm 66 which is adapted to rock a bail 81. Loosely mounted on shaft I2I are a number of U-shaped members I22, each provided with an arm portion I23 extending under the bail 61 and cooperating with the latch member I24 which is pivotally mounted on the armature member I25 and spring urged in an anti-clockwise direction by a spring I26. The armature is normally rocked clockwise by 9.

- spring I21. Each member I 22 has an armature knockoff arm I28 adapted to cooperate with a knockofi extension I29 of the armature. Also fixed to each member I22 is an insulated contact operating part I30 which is normally drawn to the left by a spring I3I. The contacts I32 and I33 are provided, the latter I33 being fixed to the member I30. Upon the full movement of I30 to the left the contacts I32 and I33 will close.

In the operation of this multi-contact relay, the ball 61 is first displaced in the position shown. An arm I23 is slightly depressed to relieve the strain from the latch point where I23 cooperates with I24. A relay magnet X, CS or CR may then be energized, swinging the armature I25 to the right causing the latch I24 to clear I23 and snap down under spring action by spring I26 to a position at the end of member I23. Thereafter upon further motion of the cam 65 in the direction indicated by the arrow, the bail 61 is elevated allowing an anti-clockwise motion of member I22 and permitting the contacts to close under spring action. Subsequently further movement of the cam 65 causes the bail 61 to be again depressed to reopen the contacts and to thrust I28 to the right to a supplemental extent to knock oif any previously attracted armature. At this time there is a relatching of the latch I24 with member I23. If a given armature is not attracted by the energizatlon of the relay coil, latch I24 will not be tripped and such latch will prevent the anti-clockwise motion of the members I22 and the closing of the contacts upon the elevation of bail 61.

In the subsequent description of the wiring diagram, certain of the contacts which have been generally designated I32 and I33 in the foregoing description of the relay, will be given designating reference numerals relating to their associated relay control magnets. Thus I- CRI to II will designate the eleven contacts controlled by the relay magnet I-CR. In Fig. there I 

